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Original Equipment Quality

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NORMAL LOOK

Spark plug look: from light-grey to brown with small sediment, and also with slight electrode erosion.

Conclusion: the engine condition is normal, the air-fuel blend and ignition are adjusted in a proper way; the misses of ignition are absent; the system of engine cold start operates.

EARLY IGNITION

Spark plug look: molten and parched central and grounding electrodes (or one of the two electrodes); blistered insulator with metal depositions.

Consequence: sufficient capacity loss of the engine; misses of the ignition. There is possible serious damage of the engine if to continue using of such spark plugs.

Possible reasons: thermal over load; the sufficient over-heating of the spark plug parts because of surface ignition – the ignition starts earlier than appears necessary spark; using of poor quality fuel; delayed burning of the air-fuel mixture remains inside the combustion chamber because of wrongly adjusted fuel system or ignition advance angle; the wrong thermal range is chosen – too “hot” spark plug.

The eliminating methods: to check engine, ignition system and fuel system as well as quality of the working mixture and ignition advance angle. To install new spark plugs with correct heat rating.

LEAD FORMATIONS

Spark plug look: the insulator is covered with yellow or brown glossy concretions similar to glaze.

Consequence: fail combustion of the air-fuel mixture at sudden acceleration or heave load; misses of the ignition under heavy load as glaze becomes conductor of the electricity.

Possible reasons: using of the ethylized fuel with a touch of lead; using of fuel with high octane level.

The eliminating methods: to use fuel of normal quality; to replace spark plugs with new ones as it is useless to clear old spark plugs.

OVER HEAT

Spark plug look: extremely white insulator with small black points and early electrode erosion.

Consequence: capacity loss at high speed or heavy load.

Possible reasons: the spark plug is screwed into not enough; the problems in engine cooling systems work; too early ignition; the wrong thermal range is chosen – too “hot” spark plug.

The eliminating methods: to check spark plug tightening torque; to check operation of the engine cooling system; to adjust angle of the ignition advance; to chose correct heat rating of the spark plug.

SOILING WITH SCALE

Spark plug look: dry soft scale of deep black color on the insulator, electrodes and spark plug hull.

Consequence: bad engine start; bad operation of cold engine; ignition misses of the air-fuel blend combustion; weak reaction for gas.

Possible reasons: wrong location of the choker; improper adjustment of the injection system; the surplus rich air-fuel mixture; retarded spark; bad high-voltage cables; too dirty air filter; the wrong thermal range is chosen – too “cold” spark plug.

The eliminating methods: to adjust combustible mixture, location of the choker, angle of the ignition advance and cold start engine system, to replace air filter, to clean spark plugs or replace with new ones, which will have correctly chosen heat rating.

OIL SOILING

Spark plug look: wet oil black sediments on the insulator, black oil scale on the insulator, electrodes and spark plug hull.

Consequence: bad engine start, misses of the ignition.

Possible reasons: too high oil level; quite worn out or faultiness of the piston rings, cylinders and valve guides; new or recently repaired engine; there is too much oil in fuel blend (for two-stroke engines).

The eliminating methods: to repair engine; to run in new or repaired engine; to blend in correct proportion fuel and oil (for two-stroke engines); to install new spark plugs.

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